Simple ARG query to find a NIC by private ip via Azure Resource Graph
resources
| where type == 'microsoft.network/networkinterfaces'
| mv-expand ipconf = properties.ipConfigurations
| extend privateIp = tostring(ipconf.properties.privateIPAddress)
| extend nicId = tolower(id)
| where privateIp has "REPLACE WITH IP"
| project nicId, privateIp